Role of Political Party

Role of political parties, and pressure groups INTEREST GROUP ON Parliamentary Democracy period (1945 - 1949)
I. INTRODUCTION
This period can be divided into 2 (two) period, namely the physical revolution (1945-1949) and the period after the physical revolution (1945-1959). Physical revolution period is the period of Indonesian struggle to maintain independence. Formally, the prevailing system of presidential government, but this system applies only briefly. With the release of the Vice President's announcement that contains recommendations on the community to establish a political party.

II. ROLE OF STRENGTH-POWER POLITICS
Under the edict was then grows a variety of political parties. In the atmosphere of the revolution was the number of parties gives the possibility to society, to move the legislative institutions of the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP). But this does not mean that political parties have played a role as it should. The causes include the first: the power of community involvement in the revolution so as not to allow the government or KNIP to organize the representatives of political parties to function in this legislative body. Second: the revolution will not last ELECTION. This situation affected the KNIP, namely that the agency does not reflect the political forces that manifest in society. Appointment of party representatives to sit in KNIP it solely based on perkiaraan-approximate so it does not reflect the actual political party or force. There are many political parties which have representatives in KNIP, but the real power in society a little. Example: Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI) has a representative that quite a lot in KNIP, 1955 election when the results obtained are very few seats in Parliament. In contrast with the NU. Have representatives whose numbers many times more than the number of seats in KNIP. So it can be said that the system is revolutionary cause in the role of political parties KNIP more symbolic.
The role of political parties big enough in the executive. Heads of government held by the prime minister, who was held Syahrir of PSI, then almost all the cabinet members in the revolutionary period is composed of party leaders or representatives. So political parties play a major role in the Indonesian government during the revolution.
The role of major political parties also exist outside the field of government, Diman parties are given the freedom to voice their interests, terkihat with frequent clashes or conflicts between one poliyik political power with other political forces or group of parties with other parties.
Later in the period 1950-1959 the next year, precisely to 1957, the role of political parties are still big. In this era, the seeds of the presence of interest groups and pressure groups began to Looks, which is marked by the emergence of groups of non-party elections in 1955 or at least does not call himself as a political party. For example IPKI (Association of Supporters of Indonesian Independence). Given is back to normal time and didkung strong desire to apply the parliamentary system, so in this era of political parties has the greatest role in Indonesian history. The role of the political party that is beyond the role of interest groups and pressure groups themselves. In the early 1950s (before the election was held) party also gets a bigger role than before, in the sense that with the House of Representatives, the position of party representatives in the legislative institution that has been better than during the physical revolution. Because it has to perform the function of parliament as it should. The role of political parties here confirmed by the 1955 election which followed some 30 political parties. 1955 election is known as a democratic and produce 4 parties with the number of votes / seats in parliament.
Election Year 1955 Results
Party Name Presentation Number of Votes Number of Seats
PNI 8,434,653 22.3% 57
Masyumi 7,903,886 20.9% 56
NU 45 6,955,141 18.4%
PKI 6,176,913 16.4% 39
MISCELLANEOUS 59 8,314,705 22.0%
TOTAL 37,785,298 100.0% 257

This system did not last long, because of political conflict becomes large after the election. Because the election did not produce a majority party. The conflict culminated in 1956, in the Constituent Assembly which is formulating the Constitution. The conflict between political forces are threatening the stability of the State, so that eventually the Army to stop the activities of the Constituent Assembly. Setekah it came to pass lemerosotan role of political parties in Indonesia. The period 1957-1959 is a transition from a system of parliamentary democracy to guided democracy. In 1957 we saw an increase and the role of Army in Politics, by SOB (War Emergency). Also guided the transition to democracy caused by the fierce battle in parliament between supporters of Pancasila and Islam as the foundation supporting the State. Polrmik This led to the breakdown of talks about the basic state in the Constituent Assembly. Congestion is the primary factor triggering Sukarno to political intervention by issuing a Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959. The core of the contents of the decree is to re-enact the 1945 Constitution and dissolved the Constituent Assembly. The period was filled with contradictions anta relit the party. The reason is the tendency of parties to extend support by utilizing the primordial element, such as religion, ethnicity, race, and class. After the decree of July 5, 1959 by Sukarno, who in support of the Army, the concentration of power concentrated in the hands of Sukarno. And ended the role of parties and interest groups / pressure.
By : Agung Giantoro ( Gapura )

Ditulis oleh: Dori Hudori

td-Informasi, Updated at: 11/01/2010 08:44:00 PM